Pronouns

Replace nouns to avoid repetition: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, etc.

What are Pronouns?

Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition. There are several types: subject, object, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, reflexive, and demonstrative pronouns.

Example: "John loves Mary. He gave her flowers." (He = John, her = Mary)

Subject Pronouns (Do the Action)

I am a student.
You are kind.
He is tall. (male)
She is smart. (female)
It is cold. (thing/animal)
We are friends.
They are here.

Object Pronouns (Receive the Action)

Call me later.
I saw you yesterday.
She knows him. (male)
I like her. (female)
Buy it now. (thing)
They invited us.
I met them yesterday.

Possessive Adjectives (Before Nouns)

My book is here.
Your car is nice.
His phone is ringing. (male)
Her name is Sarah. (female)
Its color is red. (thing - note: no apostrophe!)
Our house is big.
Their dog is cute.

Possessive Pronouns (Replace Noun Phrases)

This book is mine. (my book)
Is this pen yours? (your pen)
The car is his. (his car)
That bag is hers. (her bag)
The choice is ours. (our choice)
These keys are theirs. (their keys)

Reflexive Pronouns (Same Person)

I hurt myself. (I hurt me)
You should be proud of yourself.
He taught himself guitar.
She cut herself.
The cat cleaned itself.
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
They did it themselves.

Use reflexive when subject = object:

I looked at myself in the mirror. (I looked at me = same person)
Help yourself to food. (you help you)
Make yourself at home.

Demonstrative Pronouns (Point to Things)

This is my book. (singular, near)
That is your car. (singular, far)
These are mine. (plural, near)
Those are yours. (plural, far)

Indefinite Pronouns

Someone/Somebody is at the door.
Anyone/Anybody can join.
No one/Nobody knows.
Everyone/Everybody is here.
Something is wrong.
Anything is possible.
Nothing happened.
Everything is fine.

Pronoun Reference Table

Subject	Object	Possessive Adj	Possessive Pron	Reflexive
I	me	my	mine	myself
you	you	your	yours	yourself
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	her	hers	herself
it	it	its	-	itself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
they	them	their	theirs	themselves

Common Mistakes

❌ Me and John went... → ✅ John and I went... (subject)
❌ Give it to he. → ✅ Give it to him. (object)
❌ It's color is red. → ✅ Its color is red. (possessive, no apostrophe)
❌ This book is my. → ✅ This book is mine. (possessive pronoun)
❌ I enjoy me. → ✅ I enjoy myself. (reflexive)
❌ Between you and I... → ✅ Between you and me... (object after preposition)

Practice Tips

🎯 Subject vs. Object: Subject DOES the action (I, he, she). Object RECEIVES it (me, him, her). "I see him."
💡 Its vs. It's: ITS = possessive (no apostrophe). IT'S = it is (with apostrophe). "Its color" vs. "It's red."
📝 Possessive adjective vs. pronoun: Adjective + noun: "my book." Pronoun alone: "mine."
🔄 Reflexive test: Use reflexive when subject = object: "I hurt myself" (I = subject, myself = object, same person).
✅ After prepositions: Use object pronouns: "with me," "to him," "for us" (NOT "with I," "to he").